Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant brain tumors with an extremely poor prognosis. The average survival time for patients is only 12-18 months, and only 5 percent of patients survive longer than five years.
Recent studies have shown that in rapidly growing forms of glioblastoma multiforme, high expression of the PD-L1 protein found on the surface of some tumor cells and immune cells is observed. This protein acts as a "brake" on the immune system, and its blockade may allow the body to activate to fight the tumor.
PD-L1 activity can be blocked by modern immune drugs, but confirmation of the presence of this molecular target in the body is necessary before their use in a patient. To date, PD-L1 levels in brain tumors have only been assessed by biopsy, which is an invasive procedure and, in addition, provides only a snapshot of PD-L1 protein expression in the tumor and its microenvironment. Moreover, due to the high risks associated with biopsy, especially in the case of glioblastoma multiforme, these procedures are rarel...
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